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Figure 2. Ligature-induced periodontitis, effects of topical gingival application of PAR2 agonist peptide (SLIGRL-NH2), control peptide (LRGILS-NH2), or saline on radiographic alveolar bone loss (mm) (A) and granulocyte infiltration (B), at 3, 7, 15, and 30 days after ligature and the beginning of treatment. *Significant difference (P < 0.05) compared with the Ligature + Saline group at the same time period (ANOVA). N = 8 animals/group/period; data expressed as means ± SEM. Representative digital radiograph of the mandibular area 30 days after ligature placement and the beginning of daily treatment with control peptide LRGILS-NH2 (C) or PAR2-activating peptide SLIGRL-NH2 (D), showing resorption of bone crest at the mesial surface of the first molar and in the furcation area, due to the presence of ligature (C), and exacerbated resorption when ligature was combined with PAR2 agonist peptide treatment (D). In C and D, the upper lines represent the cemento-enamel junction, and the bottom lines represent the alveolar bone crest. The distance between these two reference points represents the alveolar bone loss at the mesial surface of the first mandibular molar.
