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Figure 2. Comparison among salivary levels, expressed as ELISA Units (EU), of IgA specific for VIP in sham-immunized and active- or heat-inactivated-VIP-immunized rats. Results are means ± SD of 10 to 12 Wistar rats. Statistical difference in mean score among the 3 groups was assessed by ANOVA. Multiple comparisons among groups indicated a significantly different mean score of active- or inactive-VIP-immunized in comparison with sham-immunized rats (p < 0.001). No differences were detected between active- and heat-inactivated-VIP-immunized groups. Fig. shows results of 1 of 3 representative independent experiments.