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Figure 1. Histology and immunohistochemistry of a 20-week implant. (A) Von Kossa stain for calcified mineralization in bioengineered tooth crown (50X magnification). Dark brown stain is positive for mineralized tissues. (B) A high-magnification (400X) photomicrograph of the Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath is shown, stained by the Von Kossa method to detect calcified mineralization. (C) High-magnification (200X) photomicrograph of cuspal region in bioengineered tooth crown. The tissue was stained by the Von Kossa method. (D) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain of a positive control porcine third molar cuspal region demonstrates morphology similar to that of the bioengineered tooth structure (200X). (E) BSP immunostain of 20-week bioengineered tooth crown (100X). Positive BSP expression is indicated by the arrow. (F) Negative pre-immune control immunostain for BSP in bioengineered tooth crown (100X). Abbreviations: d, dentin; od, odontoblasts; p, pulp; pd, predentin, hers, Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath.
