Tissue-engineered Oral Mucosa: a Review of the Scientific Literature
K. Moharamzadeh1,*,
I.M. Brook1,
R. Van Noort1,
A.M. Scutt2, and
M.H. Thornhill1
1 School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, United Kingdom; and
2 Department of Engineering Materials, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, United Kingdom

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Figure 2. Histological sections of (A) normal oral mucosa biopsy, (B) tissue-engineered skin, and (C) tissue-engineered oral mucosa.
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Figure 3. De-epidermalized dermis (DED). (A) Macroscopic view. (B) Histological section of oral mucosa reconstructed on DED.
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Figure 4. The co-culture system developed by Moriyama et al. for fabricating composite cultured oral mucosa. Culture was performed at the air-liquid interface. (A) Keratinocytes; (B) fibroblasts; (C) collagen sponge and collagen gel; (D) millipore filter; and (E) steel mesh.
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Figure 5. Different biological endpoints for the in vitro assessment of the response of engineered oral mucosa to an applied stimulus.
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Figure 6. Histological picture of Candida albicans colonization and invasion of tissue-engineered oral epithelium.
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