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Dynamic Compressive Properties of the Mandibular Condylar Cartilage

Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; and
¹ Department of Functional Anatomy, ACTA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. A schematic illustration of the condylar surface showing the location selected for indentation (A) and a block diagram of the dynamic indentation machine with a schematic representation of the relationship between stress and strain of a viscoelastic material during a sinusoidal oscillating strain (, angular velocity) (B). (A) The articular fibrocartilage was divided into 4 regions; anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial, and posterolateral. For each region, the center of the crosspoint, as illustrated in the anteromedial region, was selected for indentation. (B) The sinusoidal strain was produced by a tension control motor in the driver, and the stress and strain were measured by means of load and displacement detectors and transmitted to a data processor. In a viscoelastic material, the phase difference between stress and strain is somewhere between (0 < < /2), and the complex modulus E* is resolved into two components: the storage modulus E' and the loss modulus E'', shown in vector format. The tangent of the phase angle () between stress and strain is a measure of the ratio of energy loss to energy stored during cyclic deformation.

View larger version (31K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. The complex modulus |E*|, storage modulus E', and loss modulus E''as a function of frequency. Error bars indicate standard deviations (for each group, n = 10).

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Loss tangent tan vs. frequency. Error bars indicate standard deviations (for each group, n = 10).

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Means and standard deviations of the complex modulus |E*|, storage modulus E', loss modulus E'', and loss tangent tan at 1.0 Hz. Error bars are standard deviations (for each group, n = 10). **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05.

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