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Subgingival and Tongue Microbiota during Early Periodontitis

¹ Department of Molecular Genetics and
² Department of Biostatistics, The Forsyth Institute, 140 The Fenway, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
³ Clinical Research Center at Boston University School of Dental Medicine; and
⁴ Division of Oral Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Species detected by oligonucleotide DNA probes in reverse-capture checkerboard assay from paired tongue and subgingival samples of 121 healthy and early periodontitis individuals. Species detected more frequently from tongue samples are at the top of the Fig., and those detected more frequently subgingivally are at the bottom of the Fig. #Species prevalence differs, tongue vs. subgingival, McNemar’s Chi-square p < 0.05. *Species-associated tongue and subgingival Chi-square for associations, p < 0.05.

View larger version (48K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Species detected by oligonucleotide DNA probes from pooled molar subgingival plaque samples from 28 healthy, 71 early periodontitis 1, and 42 early periodontitis 2 individuals. Health-associated species are at the top of the Fig., whereas species detected more frequently in early periodontitis 2 are at the bottom of the Fig. Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square for Trend: * p 0.05, ** p 0.01.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Detection of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia in 124 paired tongue and subgingival samples of 23 healthy, 59 early periodontitis 1, and 42 early periodontitis 2 individuals, by means of the multiple PCR assay. There was no difference in P. gingivalis detection between tongue and subgingival samples, but T. forsythia was detected more frequently subgingivally (p = 0.001). P. gingivalis in tongue and subgingival samples (p < 0.001) and T. forsythia in subgingival samples (p < 0.03) were associated with early periodontitis.