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Cigarette Smoking Increases the Risk of Root Canal Treatment

¹ VA Dental Longitudinal Study, VA Boston Healthcare System;
² Department of Health Policy & Health Services Research, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 715 Albany Street, 560, Room 338, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
³ University of Puerto Rico School of Dentistry; and
⁴ Department of Dental Ecology, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry

View larger version (7K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Hazards ratios () and 95% confidence intervals (error bars) for risk of root canal treatment among former cigarette smokers (smoked prior to study baseline, but remained abstinent during follow-up), by length of time since last smoked. The median time since last smoked was 9 yrs. Numbers in each interval are 111 participants/2587 teeth in the 9-year group and 99 participants/2312 teeth in the > 9-year group. Never-smokers (n = 230 participants/5765 teeth) are the reference group. HR are adjusted for age, presence of crown (yes, no), any caries (yes, no), periradicular radiolucency (yes, no), and alveolar bone loss score.

View larger version (7K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Hazards ratios () and 95% confidence interval (error bars) for risk of root canal treatment among current cigarette smokers, by total yrs smoked. Numbers in each interval are 48 participants/1347 teeth with 4 yrs, 78 participants/1782 teeth with 5 to 12 yrs, and 99 participants/2099 teeth with > 12 yrs. Never-smokers (n = 230 participants/5765 teeth) are the reference group. Hazard ratios are adjusted for age, presence of crown (yes, no), any caries (yes, no), periradicular radiolucency (yes, no), and alveolar bone loss score.