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Calcium Modulates Interactions between Bacteria and Hydroxyapatite

S.C. Venegas1, J.M. Palacios1, M.C. Apella1,2,3,*, P.J. Morando2,4,5, and M.A. Blesa2,4,6

1 Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), Chacabuco 145, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina;
2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas (CONICET);
3 Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán;
4 Unidad de Actividad Química, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energia Atómica;
5 Instituto de Tecnologia Jorge Sabato, Universidad Nacional de General San Martin; and
6 Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad National de General San Martin


Figure 1
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  		Figure 1. Electrophoretic mobility vs. pH profiles of Streptococcus mutans (A), Lactobacillus casei (B), Lactobacillus salivarius (C), Lactobacillus fermentum (D), and HAP (E) in 0.01 mol L–1 KNO3. [Ca 2+] = 0 (O), 5 x 10–4 ({diamondsuit}), 1 x 10–3 ({blacktriangleup}), and 1 x 10–2 ({blacktriangledown}) mol/L. Also shown in (A) and (C), measurements in the presence of natural saliva: [Ca2+] = 1 x 10–2 mol L–1 ({square}); [Ca2+] = 0 ({diamond}). Vertical bars indicate SD of triplicate experiments.

 

Figure 2
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  		Figure 2. Bacterial hydrophobicities in hexadecane ({blacksquare}), p-xylene ({square}), and toluene ({square}). Bars represent the average of at least 6 measurements, with SD = ± 3%.

 

Figure 3
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  		Figure 3. Bacteria-hydroxyapatite interaction. (A-C) Optical photomicrographs (bar = 50 µm) of suspensions containing HAP and L. salivarius (A,B) or L. casei (C). In (A), no Ca2+ was added; in (B) and (C), [Ca2+] = 1 x 10–2 mol L–1. (D) Scanning electron microscope micrograph of suspensions containing L. salivarius and hydroxyapatite with [Ca2+] = 1 x 10–2 mol L–1 (bar = 1 µm).

 

Figure 4
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  		Figure 4. Removal percentage of bacteria by centrifuged hydroxyapatite precipitate (see text) as a function of log [Ca2+]: (A) Lactobacillus salivarius ({blacktriangleup}) and Lactobacillus fermentum ({diamondsuit}); (B) Streptococcus mutans; (C) Lactobacillus casei. Vertical bars indicate SD of triplicate experiments.

 




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