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The Adaptive Remodeling of Condylar Cartilage— A Transition from Chondrogenesis to Osteogenesis

Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sydney Dental Hospital, The University of Sydney, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia;

View larger version (115K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Cellular response of condylar cartilage during natural growth (Sprague-Dawley rats at 56 days of age). The progression of cellular response generated by natural growth is well-reflected by the zone-like packing of chondrocytes, from the superficial layer downward, consecutively being (A) the articular zone, (R) the resting zone, (P) the proliferative zone, (H) the hypertrophic zone, and (E) the erosive zone. The thickness of cartilage is of substantial proportion to that of the bony tissue underneath, indicating the dominance of chondrogenesis with moderate transition into osteogenesis (H&E, Bar = 10 µm).

View larger version (117K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Cellular response of condylar cartilage during adaptive remodeling triggered by mandibular protrusion (Sprague-Dawley rats at 56 days of age, with 21 days of mandibular advancement). The enhanced chondrogenesis results in increased thickness of the proliferative zone (P). The accelerated transition from chondrogenesis to osteogenesis is taking place in the erosive zone (E), where hypertrophic chondrocytes and surrounding matrices are degenerated and are replaced by the advent of endochondral bone formation (H&E, Bar = 10 µm).