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Suppression of Stress-induced nNOS Expression in the Rat Hypothalamus by Biting

¹ Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Division of Prosthetics,
² Clinical Care Medicine, Division of Pharmacology and ESR Laboratories, and
³ Craniofacial Growth and Development Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental College, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan;

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Expression of nNOS mRNA levels in the hypothalamus following the 30- and 60-minute restraint periods, with or without biting (N = 3 per group). (A) nNOS mRNA levels were increased by 30 min of restraint, and were suppressed by biting during restraint. (B) The increase of nNOS mRNA was statistically significant (*p < 0.05, ANOVA/Fisher’s PLSD). Levels in animals allowed to bite during restraint were significantly different (p < 0.05, ANOVA/Fisher’s PLSD) from those in animals restrained without biting.

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Effects of restraint duration and biting on expression of nNOS-positive neurons in the right side of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). (A) Photomicrographs of nNOS-positive neurons in the control, restraint, and restraint with biting groups. Scale bar = 500 µm. (B) The number of nNOS-positive neurons observed after restraint was significantly higher (p < 0.01, ANOVA/Fisher’s PLSD) than that observed in controls. nNOS-positive neurons were significantly reduced (**p < 0.01, ANOVA/Fisher’s PLSD) by biting during the 30- and 60-minute restraint periods (N = 6 per group). Values given are means ± SEM of nNOS-positive neurons in the PVN.