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Organized Tooth-specific Cellular Differentiation Stimulated by BMP4

Department of Craniofacial Development, Dental Institute, Kings College London, Floor 28 Guy’s Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK;

View larger version (54K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Arch recombinations. (A) Second-arch epithelium combined with second-arch mesenchyme results in the formation of rounded cysts. (B) First-arch oral epithelium combined with second-arch mesenchyme results in tooth development. (C) Section through tooth from recombination as shown in B. Scale bars: (A,B) 100 µm, (C) 25 µm.

View larger version (114K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Dynamic expression of BMP4 in the pharyngeal arches. (A) In situ hybridization on frontal sections at E10.5 showing BMP4 expression in the oral epithelium of the first arch (mandibular and maxillary processes). Expression is also seen in the midline at the position of the developing heart. (B) Sagittal view at E11.5 showing BMP4 expression in the first-arch oral mesenchyme. Again, BMP4 expression is restricted to the first arch. Scale bar: 100 µm.

View larger version (118K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Dspp- and amelogenin-expressing cell layers from 2nd pharyngeal arches treated with BMP4. (A) In situ hybridization of section in (B) with Dspp. Expression is localized to an internal layer of cells. (C) Higher magnification of a region in (B) close to cartilage (blue arrowhead). Dashed lines outline the cells expressing Dspp. (D) Higher magnification of region in (C) of Dspp-expressing cells (blue arrow). Note the elongated shapes of the cells. (E) In situ hybridization of section in (F) with amelogenin. Expression is restricted to a layer of externally located cells. (G) Higher magnification of region in (F) adjacent to cartilage (blue arrowhead). Dashed lines indicate the cells expressing amelogenin. (H) Higher magnification of area in (G) showing cells expressing amelogenin (blue arrow). Note that the cells are round, obviously different from the Dspp-expressing cells. (I) Section of tissue formed following renal transfer of second-pharyngeal-arch explants treated with BSA beads. (J) In situ hybridization of section in (I) for Dspp expression. (K) In situ hybridization of section in (I) for amelogenin expression. Scale bars: 80 µm (A,B,E,F,I-K), 20 µm (C,G), and 5 µm (D,H).