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Bio-adhesive Surfaces to Promote Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Formation

Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, 2314 Petit Biotechnology Building, Atlanta, GA 30332-0363, USA;

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Integrin-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrices involves integrin binding and clustering, focal adhesion assembly, and cytoskeletal interactions. Focal adhesions are supramolecular assemblies containing structural and signaling components regulating cell functions. Immunofluorescence staining for osteoblasts (DNA white) adhering to fibronectin showing actin cytoskeleton stress fibers (red) terminating in focal adhesions as shown by vinculin localization (green). Focal adhesions indicated by green arrowhead. Bar = 10 µm.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Mechanisms controlling cell adhesion to synthetic materials.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Bio-inspired bio-adhesive surfaces. (A) General strategy focusing on immobilizing short adhesive peptides onto various supports. (B) RGD immobilization onto non-fouling/non-adhesive support (top) results in robust osteoblast adhesion, while non-functionalized surface (bottom) resists cell adhesion.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Figure 4. Biomolecular engineering strategies for bio-adhesive surfaces. First-generation substrates concentrate on tethering RGD to direct integrin binding and cell adhesion. Second-generation strategies focus on enhancing biological activity, integrin specificity, and binding non-RGD integrins.