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Isocyanato- and Methacryloxysilanes Promote Bis-GMA Adhesion to Titanium

J.P. Matinlinna1,*, L.V.J. Lassila1, I. Kangasniemi2, and P.K. Vallittu1

1 Institute of Dentistry, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Research, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 2, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; and
2 Vivoxid Ltd., Tykistökatu 4 A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;



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  		Figure 1. Molecular structures of silanes, an isocyanato group bonding to a hydroxyl-rich surface, and the shear bond strength results. (a) 3-Isocyanatoproplytriethoxysilane, (b) 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethox-silane, (c) a suggested mechanism for the isocyanato group reaction with an inorganic surface, and (d) shear bond strengths of the Bis-GMA resin stubs (N = 10) to titanium with various silanes, silane concentration, and grit-blasting systems (Abbreviations: MPS = 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; ICS = 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane).

 


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  		Figure 2. The morphological and chemical SEM/EDS analysis of grit-blasted Ti substrate surfaces. (a) Silica-coated surface. Original magnification x1000. Scale bar (black) = 20 µm. (b) Silica-coated titanium surface showing EDS element distribution in Fig. 2aGo (red = Al, blue = Ti, green = Si). Original magnification x1000. Scale as above. (c) Alumina-coated Ti surface. Original magnification x1000. Scale bar (black) = 20 µm. (d) Alumina-coated Ti surface showing EDS element distribution in Fig. 2cGo (red = Al, blue = Ti, green = Si). Original magnification x1000. Scale as above. (e) Cohesive failure in de-bonding the Bis-GMA resin. Silica-coated Ti surface, silanized with 0.1% 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, after the resin sample was thermocycled and de-bonded (430x magnification). Scale bar (white) = 50 µm.

 


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  		Figure 3. Activation (hydrolysis) of the experimental silanes. (a) Hydrolysis of 0.1% 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane. A: t = 0 min, B = 30 min, C = 60 min. X-axis: wave number (cm–1) and Y-axis absorbance A (in arbitrary units). (b) Hydrolysis of 1.0% 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. A: t = 0 min, B = 30 min, C = 60 min. X-axis: wave number (cm–1) and Y-axis absorbance A (in arbitrary units).

 




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