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In vivo Fluid Movement through Dentin Adhesives in Endodontically Treated Teeth

¹ Department of Restorative Dentistry and Dental Materials, University of Siena, Italy;
² Department of Dental Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy;
³ Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, USA; and
⁴ Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China;

View larger version (157K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. SEM micrographs of replicas of post spaces in endodontically treated teeth. (A) An unbonded post space with smear layer intact, showing the transudation of water droplets through the smear layer (open arrowheads). (B) An unbonded post space after acid-etching, showing the presence of water droplets over the tubular orifices (arrows). (C,D) Post spaces bonded with All-Bond 2, a three-step total-etch adhesive, in preparation for cementation of fiber posts. (C) A representative example of the bonded root dentin that was completely devoid of fluid movement through the adhesive. (D) A representative example of the root dentin in which there was minimal fluid movement through the adhesive, resulting in the presence of discrete fluid droplets (pointers) along the adhesive surface. These water droplets were trapped during the setting of the polyvinyl siloxane impression material.

View larger version (90K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. SEM micrographs of replicas of root canal walls that were bonded with simplified, two-step total-etch adhesives: (A) Single Bond, and (B) One-Step Plus. Numerous fluid droplets were present on the surfaces of the polymerized adhesives.

View larger version (137K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. SEM micrographs of replicas of root canal walls that were bonded with self-etch adhesives: (A) Tyrian/One-Step Plus, a two-step self-etch system; (B) Xeno III, a one-step self-etch adhesive; and (C) One-Up Bond F, a one-step self-etch adhesive. Numerous fluid droplets (pointers) were present on the surfaces of the polymerized adhesives. (D) Bar chart comparing the number of fluid droplets/1000 µm2 of adhesive surface in the 6 adhesive groups (N = 20). Groups with the same lower-case letter over the top of the bar are not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Abbreviations: AB, All-Bond 2; SB, Single Bond; OS+, One-Step Plus; T/O, Tyrian SPE/One-Step Plus; XE, Xeno III; and OUB, One-Up Bond F.