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Porcine Amelogenin is Expressed from the X and Y Chromosomes

¹ Department of Biochemistry and
² Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan; and
³ Dental Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA;

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Model structure and PCR products of porcine amelogenin. (A) Model showing the intron-exon structure of the porcine amelogenin genes. The lines correspond to introns and the bars to exons. The white bars indicate the regions with the same sequence; arrows indicate oligonucleotide annealing sites. (B) Polyacrylamide gel (4.5%) stained with ethidium bromide showing PCR products observed when amplifying cDNA template and using amelogenin exon 1- and exon 7-specific primer sets. (C) PCR products observed when amplifying cDNA template and using amelogenin exon 5- and exon 7-specific primer sets. Lane M is the molecular marker (HpaI digest of x174 phage). (D) Agarose gel (1%) stained with ethidium bromide showing PCR products observed when amplifying genomic DNA with amelogenin exon 1- and exon 2-specific primer sets. The amplification products were separated on 1%. Lane M is molecular marker (HindIII digest of phage).

View larger version (103K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. SDS-PAGE patterns of enamel protein extracted from male and female incisors. The left gel is stained with CBB, and the right is stained with Stains-all. Lane M is molecular marker, lane 1 shows enamel proteins from males, and lane 2 shows enamel proteins from females.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree and revised model structure of amelogenin genes. (A) Phylogenetic tree of cDNA sequences of amelogenin (signal peptide and protein coding region). Numbers at forks indicate percentage of 1000 bootstrap re-samplings that support tree topological elements. (B) Revised model structure of male and female porcine amelogenin genes. The 7 amelogenin exons are indicated by boxes. Unfilled boxes correspond to the amelogenin coding region; patterned boxes correspond to exonic non-coding regions. The DNA sequences in the X and Y copies of the porcine amelogenin genes are identical in the coding regions for the secreted protein (solid line), but differ in the coding regions for the signal peptides (dashed line).