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Osteoclastogenic Activity during Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis

¹ Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics,
² Division of Craniofacial Development and Regeneration, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan;

View larger version (177K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Design of the custom-made distractor (A), surgical procedure (B), radiographs before and after distraction (C,D), occlusal view of the experimental mandible (E), gross view of the distracted animal (F), and photomicrographs from H&E-stained sections from control (G,H), and groups at wk 0 (I,J), 1 wk (K,L), 2 wks (M,N), 4 wks (O,P), and 8 wks (Q,R) of the different consolidation periods are indicated. An arrow in C and solid lines in D, I, K, and M indicate the osteotomy line. An arrow in E indicates the asymmetrical occlusal attrition of the molars in experimental animals. An arrow in F indicates the midline deviation in experimental animals after distraction. OB, original bone; RB, regenerated bone; DG, distraction gap; Fi, fibrovascular tissue; Mar, marginal area; and Mid, central zone of the distraction gap. Original magnification in G, I, K, M, O, and Q, x1.6 (bar = 1.5 mm); and in H, J, L, N, P, and R, x20 (bar = 100 µm). All experiments were performed in triplicate (N = 3).

View larger version (182K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Photomicrographs from sections of in situ hybridization are indicated. Sections probed with Cathepsin K (A,B), MMP-9 (C,D), RANKL (E-H), IL-1ß (I-L), TNF- (M-P), and osteopontin (Q-T). A, C, E, I, M, and Q: control specimens. B, D, F, J, N, and R: zero-week consolidation period group. G, K, O, and S: two-week consolidation group. H, L, P, and T: eight-week consolidation group. Black arrowheads indicate the positive signals. White arrowheads indicate the mononuclear cells positive for MMP-9. Arrows indicate the osteocytes in immature bone matrix. Original magnification: x20 (bar = 100 µm). All experiments were performed in triplicate (N = 3).