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Early Responses of Periodontal Ligament Cells to Mechanical Stimulus in vivo

Department of Orthodontics, Dental Clinic, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, D-53111 Bonn, Germany;

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Overall design of the study: (A) Diagrammatic representation of the experimental procedure for the application of the orthodontic force system. The force system was applied and measured by a 3D force/torque transducer, and mounted onto a 6-axis-positioning table. By moving the transducer into the corresponding direction, we applied loads to the first molar. Areas under investigation in which immunopositive cells were counted: (a) mesio-coronal, (b) disto-coronal. (B) Occlusal view of the orthodontic appliance placed on the rat upper first molar. Fx: applied force. (C) The measured force curves indicate a constant loading of the rat molar in the x-direction. Other forces were close to zero.

View larger version (193K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Immunolocalization of pERK1/2 (A-D) and Runx2 (E-H) on the mesio-coronal (A,C,E,G) and disto-coronal aspects (B,D,F,H) of the mesial root in the PDL. Representative views of immunolabeling of pERK1/2 in control (A,B) and after 8 hrs (C,D). pERK1/2-positive cells are immunostained and appear red. Representative immunostainig of Runx2 in control (E,F) and after 8 hrs (G,H). The majority of labeled cells (red) are located in the middle of the disto-coronal zone of the periodontal ligament. Magnification 10 x 40; scale bars = 50 µm; AB, alveolar bone; PDL, periodontal ligament; RS, root surface; arrows, immunopositive cells.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Quantification of pERK1/2-positive cells (A,B) and Runx2-positive cells (C,D) in the areas of interest (A,C, mesio-coronal; B,D, disto-coronal) in a time-course manner. The immunopositive cells were counted as percentages of the total number of cells. Results are representative of 3 sections of each animal. For each of the 5 specimens, a total of 2 fields in 3 sections was analyzed. The results are expressed as mean boxes representing means, upper and lower 95% confidence limits, and extremes. The asterisks indicate significant differences (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001) compared with the corresponding control, by Student’s t test.