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Cyclic Motion of the Soft Palate in Feeding

¹ Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University and Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
² Department of Gerodontology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan;
³ Department of Bioengineering and Neuroscience, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA; and
⁴ Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Vertical movements of the jaw and hyoid in a complete feeding sequence on meat. There are 2 swallows. Positions of the lower jaw (lower canine) and the hyoid bone are plotted relative to the upper occlusal plane. The times of onset and offset of soft palate elevation and descent are plotted on the same time scale, but according to a binary scale. Stages in sequence are labeled on the lower X axis. The temporal relationship between SP and jaw movement changes abruptly with the initiation of the swallow. STII, stage II transport; OPAT, oropharyngeal aggregation time. Abbreviations are defined in the text.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Drawings from single lateral projection VFG frames taken from a single feeding sequence. (a) Food processing cycle. The arrows show the direction of soft palate and jaw movement. The food is shaded. (b) Stage II transport cycle. The directions of tongue and soft palate movement are indicated by the arrows. (c) Swallow cycle. Arrows as for (b).

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Characteristics of jaw and soft palate motion cycles. Data from all recordings for each stage in the sequence were pooled. (a) Temporal relationship between jaw and SP movement for the 4 stages of the sequence; movement amplitudes are on a binary scale. Dark lines represent the jaw, lighter lines the SP. (b) The 2 types of OPAT cycles: with and without stage II transport (see Fig. 2b). The vertical scale is the same as in (a). (c) The average duration (mean, SD) for each phase in the SP cycle and (d) the jaw cycle. Data from all subjects, all cycles (see Table 1 for the N of each column). Mixed-model ANOVA was used, and the asterisks (* and **) indicate a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). When appearing over a bracket between 2 columns, the asterisk indicates that the values in the 2 columns are significantly different. Abbreviations are defined in the text.