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Enhanced Bone Apposition to a Chemically Modified SLA Titanium Surface

¹ Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Freiburgstrasse 7, PO Box 64, 3010 Berne, Switzerland;
² Institut Straumann AG, Waldenburg, Switzerland;
³ Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA; and
⁴ Division of Pediatric Dentistry and Structural Biology, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Berne, Switzerland;

View larger version (104K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Implant design with bone chambers. The titanium implants were 6.0 mm in length with 2 rings forming 2 bone chambers with an inner diameter of 2.7 mm, and an outer diameter of 4.2 mm. Each chamber was 0.75 mm in depth and 1.8 mm in vertical height at the outer surface.

View larger version (68K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Histological appearance of bone apposition. (A) At 2 wks, bone is deposited on the bony wall of the tissue chamber and on the implant surface. Both layers are connected by a scaffold of tiny trabeculae. Woven bone is characterized by the intense staining of the mineralized matrix and the numerous osteocytes located in large lacunae (undecalcified ground section, surface-stained with toluidine blue and basic fuchsin; bar = 500 µm). (B) At 4 wks, the volume density of this scaffold has increased both by the formation of new trabeculae and by deposition of more mature, parallel-fibered bone onto the primary scaffold. Woven bone is mainly recognized by the numerous large osteocytic lacunae (bright). The gap between bone and implant surface is an artifact (bar = 500 µm). (C) At 8 wks, growth and reinforcement result in a further increase in bone density and an almost perfect coating of the implant surface with bone. Remodeling has started, replacing the primary bone by secondary osteons (arrows; bar = 500 µm).