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Indian Hedgehog: A Mechanotransduction Mediator in Condylar Cartilage

¹ Hard Tissue Biology and Repair Research Group and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China; and
² Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China;

View larger version (114K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Immunostaining of IdU showed replicating cells in the proliferative layer (arrowhead) and blood vessels (arrow) in the mandibular condyle of 42-day-old rats during natural growth (A). Quantitative analysis was carried out in a measurement frame in the posterior condyle. Three neighboring sections (B,C,D) were used to evaluate the cell cycle of the replicating mesenchymal cells. Negative control without primary antibody was used to quantify the total mesenchymal cells’ population (B). Cells labeled with BrdU were detected by Br-3 primary antibody (C). Cells labeled with both BrdU and IdU were detected by IU-4 primary antibody (D). Vertical bars denoted the proliferative layer. Scale bars: 400 µm for A; 50 µm for B, C, and D.

View larger version (129K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Immunostaining showed Ihh expression in the proliferative layer (arrowhead) and the chondroblast layer (arrow) in the mandibular condylar cartilage (A) and tibia growth plate (B) of 42-day-old rats during natural growth. A significantly higher level of Ihh expression was detected in the proliferative layer of condylar cartilage during mandibular advancement (D, 7 days after experiment) than that of during natural growth (C, 42-day-old rats). Scale bars: 400 µm for A; 50 µm for B, C, and D.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. The temporal pattern of Ihh expression (A, n = 10) and the replicating mesenchymal cells’ population (B, BrdU labeling index, n = 5) in condylar cartilage during natural growth and mandibular advancement. Values were mean ± SD. Significant difference between two groups is marked with asterisks (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).