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Nanocrystalline Tetracalcium Phosphate Cement

U. Gbureck^1,*, J.E. Barralet², M.P. Hofmann², and R. Thul¹

¹ Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; and
² Biomaterials Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B4 6NN, UK;

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. XRD patterns of reaction products of unground TTCP and ncTTCP ground for 1 hr, 4 hrs, and 24 hrs mixed with 2.5% Na2HPO4 solution at 37°C at a powder-to-liquid ratio of 2 g/mL, followed by storage in water until 24 hrs after being mixed. Prominent diffraction peaks are labeled: + TTCP, * HA.

View larger version (91K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of ncTTCP cement microstructures after 24 hrs of setting with a 2.5% Na2HPO4 solution at a powder-to-liquid ratio of 2 g/mL; (a) two-hour-ground ncTTCP, (b) 24-hour-ground ncTTCP, and (c) particle size distributions of the unground, two-hour-, and 24-hour-ground materials.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Mean pH values (± SD; n = 3) of water in which ncTTCPs ground for 1 hr and 24 hrs and a commercial Ca(OH)2/salicylate cement (Life, Kerr) were boiled. ncTTCP cements were prepared at a powder-to-liquid ratio of 2 g/mL with a 2.5% Na2HPO4 solution. All samples (600–700 mg) were boiled in 100 mL water for up to 600 min, and the immersion liquid was replaced after 1 min, 10 min, and thereafter every 100 min. *Values are significantly different (p < 0.001).