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Oral Pilocarpine for Treatment of Opioid-induced Oral Dryness in Healthy Adults

¹ Department of Hospital Dentistry and
⁴ Hospital Pharmacy, Malmö University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
² Department of Oral Diagnostics and
³ Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmö, Sweden; and
⁵ Department of Pharmacology, Göteborg University, Box 431, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden;

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Mean flow rates of unstimulated whole saliva in the pilocarpine group ( ; n = 17), placebo group (• ; n = 17), and control group ( ; n = 14) before (baseline, day 1), after the tramadol regime (50 mg x 5; dryness, day 3) and after pilocarpine/placebo treatment (5 mg x 1; treatment, day 3) or no further treatment (control). Tablet containing pilocarpine/placebo was administered on day 3 at –15 min (arrow). Values are mean ± SEM.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Changes in the flow of saliva (the mean flow rate over the periods; i.e., baseline, dryness, and active treatment periods) vs. the subjects’ own estimations of changes in the flow of saliva after (a) tramadol treatment (dryness level compared with baseline level) in 60 subjects (n = 48 in "Decrement group"; n = 12 in "No change group") and after (b) pilocarpine/placebo treatment (treatment level compared with dryness level) in 34 subjects (n = 5 in "Decrement group"; n = 13 in "No change group"; n = 16 in "Increment group"). Each symbol represents one individual.