Effect of Aminoguanidine in Ligature-induced Periodontitis in Rats
R. Di Paola1,
S. Marzocco2,
E. Mazzon3,
F. Dattola1,
F. Rotondo1,
D. Britti4,
M. De Majo5,
T. Genovese1, and
S. Cuzzocrea1,*
1 Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy;
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano-Salerno, Italy;
3 Department of Biomorphology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy;
4 Department of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Teramo, Italy; and
5 Department of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacology University of Messina, Italy;
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Figure 1. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (A) and myeloperoxidase activity (B), malondialdehyde levels (C), and Evans blue content (D) in gingivomucosal tissue was significantly increased by ligature compared with the contralateral side. Aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg i.p., daily for 8 days) significantly reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase and myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde levels, and Evans blue content. Data are means ± SEM of n = 10 rats for each group. * P < 0.01 vs. non-ligated. P < 0.01 vs. ligated.
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Figure 2. Immunohistochemical localization of nitrotyrosine and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase formation. No staining for nitrotyrosine (A) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (D) was observed in sham gingivomucosal tissue, while positive staining was observed after ligature (B,E). In gingivomucosal tissue of aminoguanidine-treated rats (100 mg/kg i.p., daily for 8 days), no positive staining was observed both for nitrotyrosine (C) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (F). Original magnification: x125. Fig. is representative of at least 3 experiments performed on different experimental days.
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Figure 3. Gingivomucosal section from non-ligature-treated rats (A) demonstrating no tissue damage. Inflammatory cell infiltration and edema were observed in gingivomucosal sections from ligature-treated rats (B). Significantly less edema and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in gingivomucosal sections from ligature-treated rats which had been treated with aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg i.p., daily for 8 days) (C). Original magnification, x125. Fig. is representative of at least 3 experiments performed on different experimental days.
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Figure 4. The alveolar bone from rats ligated for 8 days demonstrated alveolar bone resorption (A). Aminoguanidine treatment suppressed alveolar pathology in the rat alveolar bone (B). A significant increase in the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar crest at the mediolingual root of the first molar was observed in ligature-treated rats. (C) Aminoguanidine treatment significantly reduced the increase in the distance between the cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar crest. Densitometry analysis of immunocytochemistry photographs (D; n = 5 photos from each sample collected from all rats in each experimental group) for PAR and nitrotyrosine from gingivomucosal tissue was conducted. The assay was carried out by means of a Macintosh personal computer (CPU G3-266) equipped with Optilab Graftek software. The radiographic Fig. is representative of at least 3 experiments performed on different experimental days. Densitometry data are expressed as % of total tissue area. * P < 0.01 vs. non-ligated. P < 0.01 vs. ligated.
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