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Effects of Sex Hormone Disturbances on Craniofacial Growth in Newborn Mice

Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Figure. Landmarks and measurement items used for the cephalometric analyses. Po Most posterior point on cranial valut N Point the nasofrontal suture A Most anterior point on nasal bone E Intersection between frontal bone and most superior-anterior point of the posterior limit to the ethmoid bone S Intersection between posterior border of basisphenoid and the tympanic bulla Ba Most posterior and inferior point of occipital condyle Pr Most inferior and anterior point on alveolar process of premaxilla Bu Point on premaxilla between jawbone and lingual surface of upper incisors Mu Point on intersection between maxillary bone and mesial surface of upper first molar Iu Most prominent point between incisal edges of upper incisors U1 Point on mesial occulusal fossa of upper first molar U1' Crossing point on A-N perpendicular to A-N from U1 U2 Point on distal occulusal fossa of upper second molar U2' Crossing point on A-N perpendicular to A-N from U2 Pg Point on most inferior contour of lower border of mandible, adjacent to incisors Mn Point in deepest part of antegonial notch curvature Gn Point on most inferior contour of angular process of mandible Go Most posterior point of angular process of mandible Co Most posterosuperior point of condylar process Co' Crossing point on Pg-Gn perpendicular to Pg-Gn from Co Id Most inferior and anterior point on alveolar process of mandible Bl Point on intersection between lingual surface of lower incisor and anteriormost part of lingual alveolar bone Ml Point on intersection between the mandibular alveolar bone and mesial surface of first molar Il Most prominent point between incisal edges of lower incisor L1 Point on mesial occulusal fossa of lower second molar L1' Crossing point on Pg-Gn perpendicular to Pg-Gn from L1 L2 Point on distal occulusal fossa of lower second molar L2' Crossing point on Pg-Gn perpendicular to Pg-Gn from L2