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Biting Suppresses Stress-induced Expression of Corticotropin-releasing Factor (CRF) in the Rat Hypothalamus

¹ Departments of Prosthetics,
² Orthodontics, and
³ Oral Physiology, Kanagawa Dental College, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan;

View larger version (47K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Expression of CRF-positive neurons in the rat PVN. (A) A schematic drawing of a coronal section of the rat brain through the level of the hypothalamus. A square in the broken line indicates the approximate area of the right PVN shown in photomicrographs (B) and (C). CRF-expressing neurons detected in a non-stress control rat (B) and those induced after 60 min of restraint stress and 180 min recovery (C). (D) Schematic drawings depicting the serial sections of the right hypothalamus of the same rat shown in panel (C) between -1.60 and -2.10 mm from the bregma. Stress-induced CRF-positive neurons were mainly localized within the PVN indicated by a broken line.

View larger version (59K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Development of CRF expression in the rat PVN during the 240-minute period after 60 min of restraint. (A) Photomicrographs of the right PVN from a control rat (control) and those with different times of 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min after 60 min of restraint. Scale bar = 500 µm. (B) The average numbers (means ± SEM, n = 6 in all groups) of CRF-positive neurons detected on the left (open columns) and right (filled columns) sides of the PVN reached the maximal level at 180 min post-restraint. *p < 0.05 (ANOVA/Fisher’s PLSD) with respect to the controls.

View larger version (43K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Effects of restraint time and biting on the expression of CRF-positive neurons in the PVN. (A) Photomicrographs of the right paraventricular nucleus with CRF-positive neurons induced after 30 or 60 min of restraint stress and 180 min recovery (upper panels). Biting of a wooden stick during the stress exposure suppresses expression of CRF-positive neurons (lower panels). Scale bar = 500 µm. (B) The average numbers of CRF-positive neurons (means ± SEM, n = 6 in all groups) found in the stress-exposed animals (filled columns) and those allowed to bite during restraint (*p < 0.05, ANOVA/Fisher’s PLSD).