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A Repetitive, Steady Mouth Opening Induced an Osteoarthritis-like Lesion in the Rabbit Temporomandibular Joint

¹ Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and
² Biochemistry and Molecular Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Okayama, Japan;

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. The regimen in this study. The excessive mechanical stress was applied by repetitive, steady jaw-opening to the rabbits’ TMJs under general anesthetized conditions (arrowhead). Rabbits were killed at 1 day (first sampling) and 7 days (second sampling) (arrow) after the application of mechanical stress for 5 days.

View larger version (79K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. The condylar position during steady mouth-opening. While the mandibular condyle was translated forward along the articular eminence, it did not show any evidence of dislocation. White arrows indicate the articular surface of the condyle. The articular surface of the eminence was located at the central aspect of the articular surface of the condyle.

View larger version (86K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. HE-stained sections of the rabbit TMJs after excessive mechanical stress application. (A) Control TMJ articular cartilage (original magnification, 40X). (B) Experimental TMJ articular cartilage at 1 day after mechanical stress application (original magnification, 40X). Thinning of the articular cartilage with loss of the hypertrophic chondrocyte layer was shown in the experimental TMJ condyles. (C,D) Higher magnification of the area within the rectangles seen in panels A and B, respectively (panels C and D were rotated to display the arrow vertically; original magnification, 200X). (E,F) Experimental TMJ articular cartilage at 7 days after mechanical stress application (original magnification, 40X). Peripheral chondrocyte proliferation (pr) was observed covering the anterior edge of the articular surface (E). Remarkable pathological changes, e.g., eburnation (eb) and nested proliferation of chondrocytes (chondrocyte island, ci), were observed in the subchondral bone layer of the central and posterior aspects of the articular surface (F). (G,H) Higher magnification of the area in the rectangles seen in panels E and F, respectively (panel G was rotated to display the arrow vertically; original magnification, 200X).

View larger version (154K): [in a new window]   Figure 4. Safranin-O-stained sections of the rabbit TMJs after excessive mechanical stress application. (A) Control TMJ articular cartilage (original magnification, 40X). (B) Experimental TMJ articular cartilage at 1 day after mechanical stress application (original magnification, 40X). Dramatic SO staining reduction, especially at the articular surface layer of the cartilage (sr), was observed. (C,D,E) Experimental TMJ articular cartilage at 7 days after mechanical stress application (original magnification, 40X). Strong SO staining was observed in the sites of nested proliferation of chondrocytes (chondrocyte island, ci) in the subchondral bone layer of the central and posterior aspects of the condyle (D,E) and peripheral chondrocyte proliferation (pr) covering the anterior surface of the condyle (C). (F) Higher magnification of the area in the rectangle seen in panel D (original magnification, 200X). Hypertrophic chondrocytes and cartilage matrix were being replaced by endothelial cells and osteogenic cells.