This Article Abstract Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Tay, F.R. Articles by Suh, B.I. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Social Bookmarking                   What's this?

Integrating Oxalate Desensitizers with Total-etch Two-step Adhesive

¹ Conservative Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
² Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-1129, USA;
³ Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil; and
⁴ Bisco, Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA;

View larger version (292K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Undemineralized, unstained TEM micrographs showing (A) the application of the acetone-based adhesive to dentin that was first treated with Protect Drops, a resin-free oxalate desensitizer, before being acid-etched. The silhouette of a layer of acid-resistant precipitate (between arrows) remained on the dentin surface. Few calcium oxalate crystals were seen within the resin-infiltrated dentinal tubules (T) within the hybrid layer (H). A, adhesive; H, hybrid layer; D, intertubular dentin. (B) The application of the acetone-based adhesive to dentin that was first treated with Super Seal, another resin-free oxalate desensitizer, before being acid-etched. The silhouette of a similar layer of acid-resistant precipitate could be seen along the dentin surface (pointer). Some calcium oxalate crystals could be found within the dentinal tubules (T). A, adhesive; H, hybrid layer; D, intertubular dentin.

View larger version (314K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Undemineralized, unstained TEM micrographs showing the application of (A) MS Coat and (B) Oxagel on acid-etched dentin, followed by the application of the acetone-based adhesive. No calcium oxalate precipitate was observed at the tubular orifices. A thin lucent layer was observed at the demineralization front. This layer is thought to consist of small crystals of calcium oxalate. As the calcium from the acid-etched dentin was depleted, the oxalate desensitizers diffused into the dentinal tubules until calcium was available for the formation of calcium oxalate crystals (pointer). Since these crystals were formed beneath the dentin surface, they may reduce outward fluid movement during the subsequent bonding procedure. Furthermore, they did not interfere with adhesive infiltration of the demineralized collagen matrix, providing tubular occlusion in conjunction with the resin tags that were formed inside the dentinal tubules (T). A, adhesive; H, hybrid layer; D, intertubular dentin.

View larger version (652K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Undemineralized, unstained TEM micrographs showing silver penetration in resin-dentin interfaces with the use of Super Seal on dentin followed by adhesive application. (A,B) Desensitizer applied before dentin was acid-etched. (C,D) Desensitizer applied after dentin was acid-etched. C, composite; A, adhesive layer; H, hybrid layer; T, dentinal tubule; D, intertubular dentin. (A) When the desensitizer was used before dentin was acid-etched, extensive silver deposits could be seen within the adhesive layer and the surface zone of calcium oxalate deposits (between open arrows). (B) A higher-magnification view showing the presence of water trees (pointer) that extended from the superficial oxalate layer into the adhesive. Silver grains were also deposited around the silhouettes of the calcium oxalate crystals (arrow). Additional silver deposits could be observed as nanoleakage within the hybrid layer. (C) When the desensitizer was used after dentin was acid-etched, much less nanoleakage was seen in the form of isolated islands of silver deposits (arrows) that were identified only within the hybrid layer (between open arrows), and were absent from the adhesive layer. The dentinal tubules contained silhouettes of calcium oxalate crystals (pointers) that were located beneath the hybrid layer. (D) A higher-magnification view of the hybrid layer, showing the islands of silver deposits (open arrow), additional fine isolated silver grains (open arrowhead), and the silver deposits (solid arrow) that were formed around the silhouettes of calcium oxalate crystals (pointers).

CiteULike

Connotea

Del.icio.us

Digg

Reddit

Technorati