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Galanin-immunoreactive Nerve Fibers in the Periodontal Ligament during Experimental Tooth Movement

Department of Orthodontics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Okayama, 700, Japan;

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Schematic drawing indicates the method of experimental tooth movement. A piece of elastic band (E) was inserted between the upper first (M1) and second (M2) molars. GAL-ir nerve fibers were counted in the boxed area in the mesial root (MR) and distal roots (DR). Each root was divided into equal thirds perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth. The coronal extent of the root was demarcated by the adjacent alveolar crest, and the apical extent of the root was demarcated by the most apical extent of the PDL. C = coronal, I = intermediate, A = apical. Arrows indicate the direction of the force.

View larger version (105K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. GAL-ir nerve fibers at 0 day (a), 1 day (b,c), 3 days (d,e), 5 days (f,g), 14 days (h), and 28 days (i) after the insertion of an elastic band in the PDL of the distal buccal root (a,b,d,f,i) and the mesial root (c,e,g,h) of the first molar. Photographs a, f, and i were taken at the intermediate region, whereas the others were taken at the apical region. Arrows indicate varicosities of GAL-ir nerve fibers. Most of these fibers were observed at the apical region and were associated with the blood vessels. Marked increase of GAL-ir nerve fibers was observed after 3 days (d,e). Arrowhead indicates smooth GAL-ir nerve fibers (f). These smooth types were observed, after 5 days of treatment, predominantly in the intermediate region. Scale bars = 20 µm. AL = alveolar bone, PL = periodontal ligament, V = blood vessel.

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Change in the number of GAL-ir nerve fibers in PDL at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 days during experimental tooth movement. Day 0 represents the control group. The areas evaluated for histomorphometry were 1.74 ± 0.07 mm2 for the 2 DRs and 2.28 ± 0.09 mm2 for the MR. aSignificantly different from control group (p < 0.05). bSignificantly different from the day 1 group (p < 0.05). cSignificantly different from the day 3 group (p < 0.05). dSignificant difference between the distal and mesial roots (p < 0.05). Each value indicates average ± SD (n = 6). DLR = distal lingual root, DBR = distal buccal root, MR = mesial root.

View larger version (105K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Immunoelectron microscopic photographs showing GAL immunoreaction in the apical region of the distal root of the first molar at 3 days after the insertion of an elastic band. GAL-ir products (arrow) were all located in the axoplasm of unmyelinated fibers that were mostly associated with blood vessels. The Schwann sheaths were always devoid of GAL-ir (arrowhead). Scale bars = 0.5 µm. V = blood vessel, CO = collagen fibers, F = fibroblast, My = Myelinated nerve, SS = Schwann sheaths.

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