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Bone with a Vascular Flap Induced from Fat Tissue with the Use of rhBMP-2 in Rats

¹ Oral Surgery, Department of Oral Restitution, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan;
² Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5, Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8216, Japan; and
³ Instrumental Analysis Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan;

View larger version (52K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Fat tissue with vascular flap fit in the mold. (A) Schematic of the silicon mold and fat tissue with vascular flap. (B) Fat tissue was sandwiched between two halves of the silicon mold. (C) The mold was tightened with nylon threads. Fat tissue in the mold with vascular flap was prepared.

View larger version (51K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Soft x-ray radiograph of the specimens at 8 wks after implantation. (A) Experimental group with rhBMP-2. Radiodense shadow is observed. (B) Control group. Radiolucent throughout the tissue. (C) Ligated group. Radiolucent throughout the tissue.

View larger version (102K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Histological sections of the specimen from the experimental group at 8 wks stained with hematoxylin and eosin. (A) Low magnification. New bone formation (b) is observed around remaining fat tissue (f). Blood vessels (v) retain normal structure. (B) High magnification. Induced bone contains fine blood vessels. In this case, barium sulfate was injected into the femoral artery before the animal’s death, and the contrast compound is found within those vessels (arrow).

View larger version (120K): [in a new window]   Figure 4. Electron-microscopic sections of the specimen from the experimental group at 2 wks. (A) Cells attached to the collagen sheet display spindle-shaped fibroblastic morphology. They showed spindle-shaped figures and produced collagen fiber (c). The cells contain abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (r), numerous mitochondria (m), vacuoles (v), and lipid droplets (arrowhead). (B) Osteoblast-like cells are in close contact with newly formed bone. The cells contain rER (r), some dilated rER (d), and many mitochondria (m). New collagen fibers (c) are observed in the bone matrix.