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Occlusal and TMJ Loads in Subjects with Experimentally Shortened Dental Arches

¹ Department of Aging and Geriatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; and
² Kansei Fukushi Research Center, Tohoku Fukushi University, 6-149-1 Kunimigaoka, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 989-3201, Japan;

View larger version (40K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Experimental set-ups. Intra-oral appliances used in the in vivo study (A) and its occlusal condition visualized with silicone check-bite (B). The lower figure (C) shows the three-dimensional FE model of the human mandible used in the in vitro study, which consisted of 6 materials (enamel, dentin, periodontium, cortical and cancellous bone, and soft tissues within TMJs). Arrows at the nodes on the upper surface of the glenoid fossa and the middle node of each occlusal surface indicate three-dimensional restraints of these nodes. The reaction forces on these nodes were regarded as the TMJ loads and bite forces. Missing occlusal contacts on each tooth were modeled by not restraining the node of the occlusal surface of the tooth concerned.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. The measured (in vivo) and the calculated (in vitro) bite force acting on each lower tooth in complete arches and 3 bilateral SDAs. The 4 occlusal conditions—M2-M2, M1-M1, P2-P2, and P1-P1—represent complete dentitions and bilateral SDAs omitting occlusal contacts on bilateral second molars, both bilateral molars, and bilateral second premolars plus both molars, respectively. Abbreviations: M2, the second molar; M1, the first molar; P2, the second premolar; P1, the first premolar; C, canine; and I, incisor.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. The sum of estimated unilateral muscular forces, the estimated unilateral TMJ load, and the periodontally borne load (PBL) on the most posterior tooth with occlusal contact (M2 for M2-M2, M1 for M1-M1, P2 for P2-P2, and P1 for P1-P1). PBL is expressed by the recorded and averaged bite force divided by the normal root surface area for each kind of tooth. For other abbreviations, see the legend to Fig. 2.