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Transforming Growth Factor-β and Interleukin 10 in Oral Implant Sites in Humans

¹ Department of Prosthetic Dentistry,
² Department of Clinical Physiopathology, and
³ Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy;

View larger version (91K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Phases at which biopsies were taken: surgical stage 1 (baseline) (A); surgical stage 2 (B); mandibular overdenture anchored to 3 implants (4-8-12 mos) (C) via ball-attachment ø 2.25 mm (D); technique of peri-implant soft-tissue biopsies (E) and amount of specimen (F).

View larger version (35K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. RT-PCR analysis of gingival mucosa for pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine messages. (A) Lanes 1-11: gingival soft tissue from 11 edentulous patients; Lane 12: peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated with appropriate stimuli (phytohemoagglutin for IFN-, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1, and lipopolysaccharide for IL-12p40) as positive control. No bands formed in the absence of cDNA template (Lane 13). Each determination was repeated three times with similar results. PCR for cytokines was amplified for 30 cycles and PCR for β-actin for 20 cycles. (B) Densitometric values assigned to cytokine bands by Molecular Analyst software were normalized for β-actin expression, and the ratio of each cytokine to β-actin was determined. Data are means ± SE of 11 patients (three repeats).

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Local modulation of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression during oral titanium implant rehabilitation. Total RNA from peri-implant gingival soft tissue at Stage 2 and 4, 8, and 12 mos after prosthetic anchorage was subjected to RT-PCR analysis for cytokine and β-actin mRNA. Densitometric values assigned to cytokine bands by Molecular Analyst software were normalized for β-actin expression and the ratio of each cytokine to β-actin determined. Data are means ± SE of 11 patients (three repeats). Significant difference vs. baseline was determined by Student’s t test.

View larger version (158K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Histological findings. (A) Pattern of immune cell populations analyzed in gingival mucosa specimens from seven patients at Stage 2 and 4, 8, and 12 mos after prosthetic anchorage. Lymphocytes, granulocytes, and plasma cells were counted at HPF (40x) in 5 randomly chosen fields; results are means ± SE. Patients suffering chronic inflammation were excluded (B). Micrograph of gingival soft tissue from a representative patient (Hematoxylin-eosin and Giemsa stain, original magnification x400).

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