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Differences Between Tooth Stimulation and Capsaicin-induced Neurogenic Vasodilatation in Human Gingiva

¹ Institute of Dentistry, PO Box 41, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH); and
² Department of Physiology and Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen/Nürnberg, Germany;

View larger version (49K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Photo and corresponding image of the gingivomucosal blood flow measured by laser Doppler imaging during unilateral stimulation of gingiva by capsaicin.

View larger version (26K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Extension of gingival blood flow responses. Average (N = 6) extension of vasodilatation along a horizontal line over the gingivomucosal tissues. Vasodilatation was induced by unilateral application of capsaicin in alveolar mucosa. The stimulation site is marked by a gray rectangle and was between teeth 11/12 or 21/22. The vasodilatation clearly stopped at the midline between teeth 11 and 21. Analysis was performed on the mean vasodilatation in the period 6 to 9 min after the start of stimulation. Only data from the experiments with capsaicin in alveolar mucosa are shown.

View larger version (35K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Gingival blood flow and its relation to pain intensity. (A) Average changes (mean ± SEM, N = 6) of ipsilateral gingival blood flow during the different stimulation conditions. Shown are the changes from baseline after the start of stimulation. The open stars mark significant differences as compared with baseline (Wilcoxon matched-pairs), while the asterisks denote significant differences between stimulation conditions (ANOVA planned comparison). Data are normed to baseline (baseline = 100%). (B) Average changes (mean ± SEM, N = 6) of contralateral gingival blood flow during the different stimulation conditions. (C) Correlation between the VAS score of the pain rating and changes in contralateral gingival blood flow during capsaicin stimulation to the gingiva and alveolar mucosa. The line shows the correlation, which is r = 0.432.

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Cardiovascular changes. The left side shows the maximum increase of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) after the start of stimulation. The middle Fig. shows the maximum change in heart rate and the right side the minimum blood flow in the finger. The latter is an indication of vasoconstriction. The values shown are changes from baseline. The asterisks mark significant differences between stimulation conditions (Wilcoxon matched-pair test). Shown are medians ± 95% confidence intervals (N = 6 for each bar).

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