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Sex Differences in Masticatory Muscle Pain after Chewing

¹ Center for Orofacial Pain,
² Center for Orofacial Pain,
³ NIH Pain Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery-Box 0440, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0440;
⁴ current address, Department of Orthodontics & Pediatric Dentistry, Nippon Dental University Hospital at Tokyo, 2-3-16 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8158, Japan;

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Effect of chewing on masticatory muscle pain. (A) Control subjects. Women (n = 19) experienced significantly greater increases in pain than did men (n = 17). (B) Patients. The change in pain during chewing was similar in both sexes. Although men (n = 7) demonstrated a higher overall level of pain than did women (n = 28), this difference was not significant. Asterisks denote time points at which the differences in pain between men and women were significant. Abbreviation: "P/T" refers to pre-test pain rating. Data are represented as mean ± SEM.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Effect of chewing on pain over a 24-hour period. Participants completed and returned pain diaries in which they rated their pain levels at 1, 6, and 24 hrs after the test. These scores (mean ± SEM) are shown along with the pre-test ("P/T") scores (note that the times indicated on the x-axis are not spaced to scale). (A) Female control subjects (n = 19) and (B) male control subjects (n = 17) returned to pre-test pain levels within 1 hr after the test. (C) Female patients (n = 26) reported significantly elevated pain with respect to their pre-test pain levels 1 hr after the test (indicated by the asterisk) but returned to pre-test levels thereafter. (D) Male patients (n = 5), like control subjects, returned to pre-test pain levels within 1 hr. Note that the mean baseline VAS score for male patients in Fig. 2D is different from that shown in the Table and Fig. 1B, because the sample size is different.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Rate of mastication during the test. Although female patients chewed significantly more slowly than the other three groups, there were no changes in the rate of chewing during the test in any of the groups. Rate of chewing is represented as number of chewing cycles/10 sec (mean ± SEM) during each minute of the test. Sample sizes are the same as in Fig. 1.

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