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The in vivo Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 and -8 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Initial Orthodontic Tooth Movement

¹ Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Biomedicum Helsinki (4th floor, C407b), POB 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;
² Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, the Orton Research Institute and the Orthopedic Hospital of the Invalid Foundation, Helsinki, Finland; and
³ Department of Health, City of Helsinki, Finland;

View larger version (10K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. The concentrations of MMP-8 (mean + SD) in the GCF of orthodontic (n = 11) and control patients (n = 6) detected with the IFMA analysis. The orthodontic samples (on the left) were collected from the orthodontically moved teeth immediately before fixed appliance activation (0 hr), and at 1-8 hrs after force application. Control GCF samples were collected from the non-orthodontic control patients. The mean GCF MMP-8 concentrations for orthodontically treated teeth at 4-8 hrs were significantly higher than before activation, and when compared with control teeth (Mann-Whitney U-test; p < 0.05).

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Molecular forms and expression of MMP-1 and MMP-8 in GCF from the orthodontic and control patients detected by the Western blot method. (A) Western blot with MMP-8 specific antibody. Positions of molecular-weight markers (kDa) are indicated on the left. GCF samples were collected from the teeth undergoing orthodontic tooth movement immediately before (0 hr) and at 1-8 hrs after activation of fixed appliances. MMP-8 expression is undetectable before orthodontic force (0 hr); however, it is markedly increased after force application (1-8 hrs). PMN indicates culture supernatant of human neutrophils used as positive control for MMP-8. Bands in the range 75 to 80 kDa corresponding to PMN-type pro-MMP-8 are present at 1-8 hrs, whereas PMN active enzyme (60 kDa) is present at 4 hrs and at 7-8 hrs. Low-molecular-weight staining at < 30 kDa, representing degraded fragments of MMP-8, is present at 6-8 hrs. (B) Barely detectable MMP-8 immunoreactivity is seen in GCF control samples. (C) No MMP-1 immunoreactivity is detectable in the Western blots of the orthodontic GCF with MMP-1 specific antibody. As for positive control, MMP-1 from human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts was used (F). (D) GCF control samples show no MMP-1 immunoreactivity.