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Edentulation Alters Material Properties of Cortical Bone in the Human Mandible

¹ Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX; and
² Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX 75246, USA;

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Location of the 22 sites on each side of the edentulous mandibles. Note that the numbering is not sequential, to allow for site correspondence with a previous study (Schwartz-Dabney and Dechow, in press) in dentate mandibles.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Means and 95% confidence intervals for the directions of the axes of maximum stiffness for edentulous mandibles (N = 10). The direction of maximum stiffness varies regionally in orientation and in the amount of variability. The central line in each circle indicates the direction of maximum stiffness (D3). The lines on each side of the central line represent the 95% confidence intervals. Sites with no lines lack significant orientation. Shading indicates a difference between edentulous and dentate mandibles, which is significant at p < 0.05 (no mark in upper right of circle), or approaches significance at p < 0.10 (solid dot in the upper right of the circle). An inverted solid triangle () indicates a significant difference between facial and lingual cortices.

View larger version (58K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Average cortical plate thickness in the edentulous mandible (upper Figs.) and differences compared with dentate mandibles (lower Figs.). Cortical thickness is greatest anteriorly and is the least in the ramus. Thickness is less in most regions of the edentulous compared with the dentate mandible, except anteriorly on the facial side, and along the corpus, at the angle, and at the condylar neck on the lingual side.

View larger version (57K): [in a new window]   Figure 4. Average elastic moduli (E3) in the direction of maximum stiffness (upper Figs.) and differences compared with dentate mandibles (lower Figs.). The edentulous mandibles are stiffer facially than lingually, especially in the ramus. Edentulous mandibles were stiffer over most of their cortical surface than dentate mandibles, except for several sites, mostly in the anterior part of the ramus.