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Reversal of Compromised Bonding in Bleached Enamel

¹ Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong, SAR, China;
² Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Brazil;
³ Department of Dental Materials, University of Granada, Spain; and
⁴ Department of Oral Biology and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA;

View larger version (680K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Transmission electron micrographs showing the nanoleakage in phosphoric-acid-etched enamel (control) that was bonded with Prime&Bond NT. (A) A low-magnification view of the resin-enamel interface. C, resin composite; A, adhesive containing nanofiller particles; E, prismatic enamel; arrow, interprismatic sheath. (B) A high-magnification view showing the presence of isolated, electron-dense silver grains (open arrowheads) within the etched, resin-infiltrated enamel (E). Apatite crystallites were partially dissolved and exhibit central hole regions (pointer). Arrow: nanofiller clusters within the adhesive layer (A). (C) A very high magnification of (B), showing the presence of the central dark line (pointers) within a partially dissolved apatite crystallite.

View larger version (674K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Transmission electron micrographs showing the nanoleakage in carbamide-peroxide-bleached, acid-etched enamel that was bonded with Prime&Bond NT. (A) A low-magnification view of the resin-enamel interface. C, resin composite; A, adhesive containing nanofiller particles; E, prismatic enamel. A region with more extensive etching is depicted, although areas with etching effect similar to that in Fig. 1A were commonly observed. (B) A high-magnification view of the resin-enamel interface, showing more extensive silver grain deposition (open arrowheads) within the etched enamel (E) as well as the adhesive layer (A). Additional bubble-like structures with peripheral silver deposits (pointers) were also evident. Arrow: less-electron-dense nanofiller clusters in the adhesive. (C) A high-magnification view showing a dense aggregation of isolated silver grains (open arrowheads) and almost spherical, bubble-like structures with incomplete peripheral silver deposits (pointers) in the adhesive layer. Arrow: nanofiller clusters.

View larger version (409K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Transmission electron micrographs showing the nanoleakage in carbamide-peroxide-bleached enamel that was treated with sodium ascorbate prior to being acid-etched and the application of the Prime&Bond NT adhesive. (A) A low-magnification view of the resin-enamel interface. C, resin composite; A, adhesive containing nanofiller particles; E, prismatic enamel. (B) A high-magnification view showing the presence of isolated, electron-dense silver grains (open arrowheads) within the etched, resin-infiltrated enamel (E). Bubble-like structures that were previously observed in the bleached enamel were absent after sodium ascorbate treatment.

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