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Inactivation of the Streptococcus mutans fxpC Gene Confers Resistance to Xylitol, a Caries-preventive Natural Carbohydrate Sweetener

¹ Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie (Sciences) and Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, G1K 7P4; and
² Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinaï Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5;

View larger version (143K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Nucleotide and inferred amino acid sequences of the fxp operon and of part of the contiguous genes from Streptococcus mutans 123.1 (accession #AF395874). Translation initiation sites of the open reading frames are shown. The -10 and -35 promoter regions are indicated by double underlining, and converging arrows illustrate transcriptional terminators. The CRE site and the direct repeat are shown by lightly shaded boxes. The protein regions corresponding to the DeoR family signature of FxpA, the PfkB family of carbohydrate kinases signatures of FxpB, and the IICFru signature of FxpC are shadowed in black. The phosphorylated residues of the IIA and IIB domains of FxpC are boxed in gray. The putative substrate interacting sequence of FxpC is shadowed in gray.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. (A) Schematic representation of the S. mutans fxp operon. (B) Comparison of the promoter regions of fxp operons from Streptococcus mutans (Smu), Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), Streptococcus pyogenes (Spy), and Streptococcus equi (Seq). The -35, -10, and CRE regions are boxed. The beginning of fxpA and the direct repeats are indicated. Underlined nucleotides correspond to direct repeats in the promoter regions.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. Northern blot of total RNA from S. mutans 123.1 grown in TYE glucose medium with a fragment of fxpC as a probe. The arrow indicates the 4.4-kb fxp operon transcripts.