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The Extent to which Resin can Infiltrate Dentin by Acetone-based Adhesives

¹ Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Iwate Medical University, School of Dentistry, 1-3-27, Chuo-douri, Morioka 020-8505, Iwate, Japan;
² Department of Dental Materials Science, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Hokkaido, Japan;
³ Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Hokkaido, Japan; and
⁴ Division of Cariology and Endodontology, Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Dental Medicine;

View larger version (73K): [in a new window]   Figure 1. Bond strength results and fractographic analysis. (A) Tensile bond strength (mean ± standard deviation) (upper) and area fractions of failure modes on fractured surfaces for each resin system (lower). Groups with tensile bond strengths that were significantly (p < 0.05) different are indicated by different lower-case letters: two-way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test. n = 20 for each group. (B) Simple regression analysis comparing the bond strength and the percentage of each failure mode. OS, One-Step; PB, Prime & Bond NT; C, resin composite; B, bonding resin; TH, top of hybrid layer; WH, within hybrid layer; DD, demineralized dentin; BS, bond strength.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Figure 2. Laser-Raman analysis. (A) Raman spectra of the bonding resin layer, the central portion of the hybrid layer made with wet bonding and that made with dry bonding. Aromatic ring (1614-1620 cm-1); C=C (1642-1644 cm-1). (B) The amount of resin infiltration within the hybrid layer calculated by comparison based on the relative intensity of the peak area of the aromatic ring (1548-1624 cm-1). The same letter indicates that there is no significant difference: Mann-Whitney U test. P < 0.05 was considered significant. n = 24 for each group.

View larger version (152K): [in a new window]   Figure 3. SEM micrographs showing the fractured surface of One-Step. (A,B) Failure of the top of (TH) and within the hybrid layer (WH) at the dentin side (A) and the opposing resin side (B) of a specimen made with wet bonding. Typical failure of the top of the hybrid layer is shown in A, where white arrows point to scratches.

View larger version (86K): [in a new window]   Figure 4. SEM micrographs showing the fractured surface of Prime & Bond NT. (A) Total fractured surface at the dentin side of a specimen made with wet bonding. Higher magnification of the sections of the fractured surface areas marked (B) and (C) in (A). (C) The widening of the dentinal tubules at the demineralized dentin was caused by the effect of acidification without impregnation of the bonding resin at this portion. B, bonding resin; TH, top of the hybrid layer; WH, within the hybrid layer; DD, demineralized dentin.