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Elongated Growth of Octacalcium Phosphate Crystals in Recombinant Amelogenin Gels under Controlled Ionic Flow

¹ Asahi University School of Dentistry, Dental Materials and Technology, 1851-1 Hozumi, Hozumi-cho, Motosu-gun, Gifu 501-0296, Japan;
² University of Southern California, School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Los Angeles, CA, USA; anad
³ present address, DePuy, a Johnson & Johnson company, PO Box 988, 700 Orthopaedic Drive, Warsaw, IN 46581-0988, USA;

View larger version (134K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Direct visualization of amelogenin nanospheres (10-20 nm in diameter) in 10% rM179 amelogenin gel by a Tapping mode AFM in air. The gel was formed in 10 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.5, with conditions resembling those of OCP crystallization, and fixed at 37°C (see MATERIALS & METHODS).

View larger version (174K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. SEM images of crystals grown (a) without protein, in (b) 10% rM179, (c) 10%r M166, (d) 10% polyacrylamide gel, (e) 0.5% agarose gel, and (f) 10% albumin. Note that OCP crystals in a, d, e, and f show typical ribbon-like morphology, while the cylindrical and prismatic fibers grew only in amelogenin gels, regardless of the existence of the hydrophilic C-terminal of amelogenin.

View larger version (33K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Effects of 10% gels of bovine amelogenins, rM166, rM179, polyacrylamide, and 10% albumin and gelatin on the morphology of OCP crystal, which are represented by (a) the length-to-width ratio (L/W) and (b) the width-to-thickness ratio (W/T) of crystals. Aspect ratios and their standard deviations (SD) were calculated based on the mean values and SD values of each dimension in the Table. Error bars represent SD values. (c) Schema ofOCP crystal, showing length, width, thickness, crystal faces, and crystallographic axes.

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