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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 87, No. 8, 751-756 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700809

Biomaterials & Bioengineering

Ti Nano-nodular Structuring for Bone Integration and Regeneration

T. Ogawa1,*, L. Saruwatari1,2, K. Takeuchi1, H. Aita1 and N. Ohno2

1 Laboratory for Bone and Implant Sciences (LBIS), The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue (B3-081 CHS), Box 951668, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; and
2 Department of Oral Anatomy, Aichi-Gakuin University, School of Dentistry, Nagoya, Japan

Correspondence: * corresponding author, togawa{at}dentistry.ucla.edu

Nanostructuring technology has been proven to create unique biological properties in various biomaterials. Here we present a discovered phenomenon of titanium nano-nodular self-assembly that occurs during physical vapor depositions of titanium (Ti) onto specifically conditioned micro-textured titanium surfaces, and test a hypothesis that the Ti nanostructure has the potential to enhance bone-titanium integration. The nanostructure creation effectively provided geometrical undercut and increased the surface area by up to 40% compared with the acid-etched surface with microtopography. Depending on the size control, the nano-nodules can be added without smearing the existing micro-texture, creating a nano-micro-hybrid architecture. Titanium implants with 560-nm nano-nodules produced 3.1 times greater strength of osseointegration than those with an acid-etched surface in a rat femur model. The discovered titanium nano-nodular self-structuring has been proven feasible on biocompatible materials other than titanium, offering new avenues for the development of implant surfaces and other implantable materials for better bone-generative and -regenerative potential.

Key Words: nanotechnology • dental implant • nano-micro-hybrid • self-assembly • vapor deposition


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