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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 87, No. 7, 692-696 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910808700714

Biological

MMP-3 Response to Compressive Forces in vitro and in vivo

H.-H. Chang1,2, C.-B. Wu3, Y.-J. Chen1,2, C.-Y. Weng1, W.-P. Wong1,2, Y.-J. Chen1,2, B.-E. Chang4, M.-H. Chen1,2 and C.-C.J. Yao1,2,4,*

1 School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taiwan;
2 Dental Department, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan;
3 Department of Orthodontics, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University; and
4 Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, National Taiwan University, 1 Chang-Te Street, Taipei 100, Taiwan

Correspondence: * corresponding author, janeyao{at}ntu.edu.tw

During orthodontic tooth movement, bone resorption occurs at the compression site. However, the mechanism underlying resorption remains unclear. Applying compressive force to human osteoblast-like cells grown in a 3D collagen gel, we examined gene induction by using microarray and RT-PCR analysis. Among 43 genes exhibiting significant changes, cyclo-oxygenase-2, ornithine decarboxylase, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) were up-regulated, whereas membrane-bound interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein was down-regulated. The MMP-3 protein increases were further confirmed by Western blot. To ascertain whether MMP-3 is up-regulated in vivo by orthodontic force, we examined human bone samples at the compressive site by realigning the angulated molars. Immunohistochemical staining revealed MMP-3 distributed along the compressive site of the bony region within 3 days of compression. Since MMP-3 participates in degradation of a wide range of extracellular matrix molecules, we propose that MMP-3 plays an important role in bone resorption during orthodontic tooth movement.

Key Words: MMP • compressive force • osteoblasts • tooth movement


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