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Tooth Agenesis: from Molecular Genetics to Molecular Dentistry

¹ Laboratory of Animal Embryology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic;
² Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;
³ Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; and
⁴ Department of Craniofacial Development, Dental Institute, Kings College London, Guys Hospital, London Bridge, London, United Kingdom

^* corresponding author, matalova{at}iach.cz

Tooth agenesis may originate from either genetic or environmental factors. Genetically determined hypodontic disorders appear as isolated features or as part of a syndrome. Msx1, Pax9, and Axin2 are involved in non-syndromic hypodontia, while genes such as Shh, Pitx2, Irf6, and p63 are considered to participate in syndromic genetic disorders, which include tooth agenesis. In dentistry, artificial tooth implants represent a common solution to tooth loss problems; however, molecular dentistry offers promising solutions for the future. In this paper, the genetic and molecular bases of non-syndromic and syndromic hypodontia are reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of tissue engineering in the clinical treatment of tooth agenesis are discussed.

KEY WORDS: Tooth development • syndromic • non-syndromic • hypodontia • tooth engineering