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Effects of Ethanol Consumption on Periodontal Inflammation in Rats

Department of Oral Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan

^* corresponding author, tatsuo{at}md.okayama-u.ac.jp

Studies suggest a correlation between ethanol consumption and periodontal disease. We hypothesized that elevated levels of blood reactive oxygen species following ethanol consumption may increase inflammation in periodontal tissue. Rats were divided into 4 groups (6–7 rats/group). Two groups were fed an ethanol-containing liquid diet, and 2 groups were fed a pair-fed control diet. In one of each dietary group, periodontitis was ligature-induced, while the other group was left unligated. Chronic ethanol feeding alone decreased the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione and increased 8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- levels in the gingiva. Blood hydroperoxides were also increased. In ligature-induced periodontitis lesions, ethanol feeding enhanced polymorpho-nuclear leukocyte infiltration and TNF- expression. The results suggest that chronic alcohol consumption increased periodontal inflammation, oxidative damage, and TNF- production and had an additive effect on polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration and gingival oxidative damage, increasing the severity of periodontal inflammation in the ligature model.

KEY WORDS: ethanol • periodontitis • oxidative stress • animal studies