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J Dent Res 86(3):242-248, 2007
© 2007 International and American Associations for Dental Research

RESEARCH REPORT
Biological

Inflammatory Immune Responses by Water-insoluble {alpha}-glucans

S. Okamoto2,3, Y. Terao1, H. Kaminishi3, S. Hamada4, and S. Kawabata1,*

1 Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita-Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
2 Laboratory of Virology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki-Osaka 567-0085, Japan;
3 Department of Functional Bioscience, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan; and
4 Department of Life Science, Nihon University Advanced Research Institute for the Sciences and Humanities, Nihon University Kaikan Daini Bekkan, 12-5, Goban-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8251, Japan

* corresponding author, kawabata{at}dent.osaka-u.ac.jp

Water-insoluble {alpha}-glucans are synthesized from sucrose by glucosyltransferase-I of mutans streptococci and play an important role in the development of dental plaque. Several types of ß-glucans in fungal cell wall components and water-soluble {alpha}-glucans from Streptococcus mutans are known to modulate innate immunity. In the present study, we investigated whether water-insoluble {alpha}-glucans also induced inflammatory innate immune responses. Our results showed that water-insoluble {alpha}-glucans synthesized by Streptococcus sobrinus activated mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines. The immunological responses were not due to contamination by sucrose, water-soluble {alpha}-glucan, lipopolysaccharide, or peptidoglycan. Furthermore, human monocytes stimulated by water-insoluble {alpha}-glucans produced TNF-{alpha} and IL-8, while human polymorphonuclear cells were activated by water-insoluble {alpha}-glucans, resulting in chemotaxis and hydrogen peroxide production. The results demonstrated that water-soluble {alpha}-glucans modulate macrophage- and granulocyte-induced inflammatory immune responses, and suggest that inflammation induced by those {alpha}-glucans is associated with the development of periodontal diseases.

KEY WORDS: Streptococcus sobrinus • water-insoluble {alpha}-glucans • inflammatory immune responses






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