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Effective Bone Engineering with Periosteum-derived Cells

¹ Division of Stem Cell Engineering, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;
² Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan;
³ Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan; and
⁴ Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan

^* corresponding author, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan, asahina{at}nagasaki-u.ac.jp

Bone augmentation via tissue engineering has generated significant interest. We hypothesized that periosteum-derived cells could be used in place of bone marrow stromal cells (which are widely used) in bone engineering, but the differences in osteogenic potential between these 2 cell types are unclear. Here, we compared the osteogenic potential of these cells, and investigated the optimal osteoinductive conditions for periosteum-derived cells. Both cell types were induced, via bFGF and BMP-2, to differentiate into osteoblasts. Periosteal cells proliferated faster than marrow stromal cells, and osteogenic markers indicated that bone marrow stromal cells were more osteogenic than periosteal cells. However, pre-treatment with bFGF made periosteal cells more sensitive to BMP-2 and more osteogenic. Transplants of periosteal cells treated with BMP-2 after pre-treatment with bFGF formed more new bone than did marrow stromal cells. Analysis of these data suggests that combined treatment with bFGF and BMP-2 can make periosteum a highly useful source of bone regeneration.

KEY WORDS: marrow stromal cells • periosteal cells • osteogenic potential • bFGF • BMP-2