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Nano DCPA-Whisker Composites with High Strength and Ca and PO₄ Release

¹ Building 224, Room A-153, Stop 8546, Paffenbarger Research Center, American Dental Association Foundation and
² National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8546, USA

^* corresponding author, hockin.xu{at}nist.gov

The main challenges facing composite restorations are secondary caries and bulk fracture. The objective of this study was to develop nano DCPA (dicalcium phosphate anhydrous)-whisker composites with high strength and Ca and PO₄ ion release to combat caries. Flexural strength for the nano DCPA-whisker composites at a nano DCPA:whisker mass ratio of 1:2 ranged from (148 ± 9) MPa to (167 ± 23) MPa, significantly higher than the (103 ± 32) MPa of an inlay/onlay commercial control composite without Ca-PO₄ release. The nano DCPA-whisker composite released PO₄ to a concentration of (1.95 ± 0.13) mmol/L and Ca of (0.68 ± 0.05) mmol/L. Compared with previous conventional Ca- and PO₄-releasing composites, the nano DCPA-whisker composites had strengths two-fold higher, and released comparable or higher levels of Ca and PO₄. In conclusion, combining nano-DCPA with whiskers yielded novel composites that released high levels of Ca and PO₄ requisite for remineralization. These high-strength composites may provide a unique combination of stress-bearing and caries-inhibiting capabilities.

KEY WORDS: dental resin composite • nano particles • whiskers • strength • Ca and PO₄ ion release

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