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Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 85, No. 6, 560-565 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910608500616

Biomaterials & Bioengineering

Harder and Stiffer Bone Osseointegrated to Roughened Titanium

F. Butz, H. Aita, C.J. Wang and T. Ogawa*

The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue (B3-087 CHS), Box 951668, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA

Correspondence: * corresponding author, tack{at}dent.ucla.edu

Mechanisms underlying the beneficial anchorage of roughened titanium implants have not been identified. We hypothesized that the implant surface roughness alters intrinsic biomechanical properties of bone integrated to titanium. Nano-indentation performed on two- and four-week post-implantation bone specimens of rats revealed that bone integrated to acid-etched titanium was approximately 3 times harder than that integrated to the machined titanium, both at the osseointegration interface and at the inner area of the peri-implant bone. The hardness of the acid-etched surface-associated bone was equivalent to that of untreated cortical bone at week 4, while the bone hardness around the machined surface was equivalent to that of the untreated trabecular bone. The elastic modulus of the integrated bone was 1.5 to 2.5 times greater around the acid-etched surface than around the machined surface. Analysis of the data suggests that the implant surface roughness affects the biomechanical quality of osseo-integrated bone, and that the bone integrated to the acid-etched surface is harder and stiffer than the bone integrated to the machined surface.

Key Words: osseointegration • nano-indentation • acid-etching • bone hardness • elastic modulus


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