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X-ray Microanalysis of Elements in the Masticatory Muscle after Paresis of the Right Masseter

¹ Department of Orthodontics,
² Department of Maxillo-Facial-Surgery, and
³ Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Medical Faculty, Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany; and
⁴ Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany;

^* corresponding author, harzer{at}rcs.urz.tu-dresden.de

Muscle activity and function appear to be related to ionic concentrations in the muscle. We investigated whether muscle paresis induced by injection of Botulinum toxin A (Botox) in 16-week-old pigs over a 56-day period is associated with ionic changes in the affected muscles. Tissue samples were taken from the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and geniohyoid muscles by a standardized method and used for energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis in an environmental scanning electron microscope. The largest increase in Na⁺ was measured in the right and left sides of the masseter muscle in treated animals. Additionally, a significant elevation of Na⁺ was measured in the anterior part of the temporalis muscle and in the pterygoid muscle (P < 0.05). In temporalis and pterygoid muscles, an increase in sulfur in both sides of treated pigs’ heads was observed. Botox^® has an indirect impact on ion concentrations, resulting in changes in muscle functional capacity and adaptive compensation of paretic muscle function by other muscles.

KEY WORDS: masticatory muscle • Botulinum toxin • x-ray microanalysis • pigs.