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RESEARCH REPORT |
1 Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan Dental Research Lab, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48108;
2 Seoul National University, College of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry & Dental Research Institute, 28-2 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Korea 110-768;
3 University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78289-3900;
4 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7455; and
5 Department of Preventive Sciences, Moos Health Sciences Tower, 515 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455;
* corresponding author, janhu{at}umich.edu
Mutations in the human amelogenin gene (AMELX, Xp22.3) cause a phenotypically diverse set of inherited enamel malformations. We hypothesize that the effects of specific mutations on amelogenin protein structure and expression will correlate with the enamel phenotype, clarify amelogenin structure/function relationships, and improve the clinical diagnosis of X-linked amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). We have identified two kindreds with X-linked AI and characterized the AMELX mutations underlying their AI phenotypes. The two missense mutations are both in exon 2 and affect the translation initiation codon and/or the secretion of amelogenin (p.M1T and p.W4S), resulting in hypoplastic enamel. Primary anterior teeth from affected females with the p.M1T mutation were characterized by light and scanning electron microscopy. The thin enamel had defective prism organization, and the surface was rough and pitted. Dentin was normal. The severity of the enamel phenotype correlated with the predicted effects of the mutations on amelogenin expression and secretion.
KEY WORDS: enamel • amelogenin • amelogenesis imperfecta • hypoplastic AI • AMELX
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