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Effect of Aminoguanidine in Ligature-induced Periodontitis in Rats

¹ Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, Via C. Valeria, Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy;
² Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano-Salerno, Italy;
³ Department of Biomorphology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Italy;
⁴ Department of Veterinary and Agricultural Science, University of Teramo, Italy; and
⁵ Department of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacology University of Messina, Italy;

^* corresponding author, salvator{at}unime.it

The role of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species is well-demonstrated in inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the effect of aminoguanidine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, in a rat model of periodontitis. We induced periodontitis in rats by placing a piece of 2/0 braided silk around the lower left 1st molar. At day 8, the gingivomucosal tissue encircling the mandibular 1st molar was removed for biochemical and histological analysis. Ligation significantly increased inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and expression, and damaged tissue revealed increased neutrophil infiltration, lipid peroxidation, and positive staining for nitrotyrosine formation and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase activation. Ligation significantly increased Evans blue extravasation in gingivomucosal tissue and alveolar bone destruction. Aminoguanidine (100 mg/kg i.p., daily for 8 days) treatment significantly reduced all these inflammatory parameters, indicating that it protects against the tissue damage associated with periodontitis by reducing nitric oxide production and oxidative stress.

KEY WORDS: aminoguanidine • periodontitis • inducible nitric oxide synthase • poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase • alveolar bone loss

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